Energy Organelles

The Endosymbiant Hypothesis:

The hypothesis is a proposal discussing the present mitochondria and chloroplast stating that they were bacteria themselves that helped support other prokaryotic cells and eventually lost some of their organelles and became dependent on the host cells and the host cells remained dependent on it.

Mitochondria: (also contains chromosome (super coiled DNA) and manufactures ribosomes)

• Structure:

1. Double-bond membrane (Outer and inner)
2. Cristae are sac-like and are in a series. Connected to the inner membrane
3. Mitochondrial matrix is "fluid" or the cytoplasm
   

• Function:

1. Outer membrane supports and seperates the organelle from the cell and the inner gives internal support
   
2. Enzymes are embedded in the cristae or floating in the matrix, and help form ATP

Chloroplasts: (also contain seperate chromosome (super coiled DNA))

• Structure:

1. Double bound membrane (outer and inner)
2. Thylakoids (flat membrane bound vesicles)
3. Grana- stacks of thylakoids
   
4. Stoma

• Function:

1. Separate the the Chloroplast from the cytoplasm and give integrity to the organelle
2. Many of the pigments, enzymes, and molecular machines are embedded in the thylakoid which are grouped together, compartmentalization.
   
3. Other important enzymes are located i nthe stroma, "fluid."